Student Enterprises - An alternate way to look at !
What makes student entrepreneurs? – On the relevance (and irrelevance) of the university and the regional context for student start-ups
Heiko Bergmann University of St. Gallen, Swiss Research Institute of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Dufourstrasse 40a, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland Tel.: +41 71 224 7100 Email: heiko.bergmann@unisg.ch
Christian Hundt Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Geography Department, Urban and Regional Economics Universitätsstrasse 100, 44780 Bochum, Germany Email: christian.hundt@rub.de
Rolf Sternberg Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Economic and Cultural Geography Schneiderberg 50, 30167 Hannover, Germany Email: sternberg@wigeo.uni-hannover.de
Abstract:
What makes student entrepreneurs? – On the relevance (and irrelevance) of the university and the regional context for student start-ups
Heiko Bergmann University of St. Gallen, Swiss Research Institute of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Dufourstrasse 40a, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland Tel.: +41 71 224 7100 Email: heiko.bergmann@unisg.ch
Christian Hundt Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Geography Department, Urban and Regional Economics Universitätsstrasse 100, 44780 Bochum, Germany Email: christian.hundt@rub.de
Rolf Sternberg Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Economic and Cultural Geography Schneiderberg 50, 30167 Hannover, Germany Email: sternberg@wigeo.uni-hannover.de
Abstract:
Student start-ups are a significant part of overall university entrepreneurship. Yet, we know little about the determinants of this type of start-ups and, specifically, the relevance of context effects. Drawing on organizational and regional context literature, we develop and test a model that aims to explain student entrepreneurship in a contextual perspective. Based on unique micro data and using multi-level techniques, we analyse nascent and new entrepreneurial activities of business and economics students at 41 European universities. Our analysis reveals that individual and contextual determinants influence students' propensity to start a business. While peoples’ individual characteristics are most important, the organizational and regional contexts also play a role and have a differentiated effect, depending on the source of the venture idea and the stage of its development. Organisational characteristics, like the prevalence of fellow students who have attended entrepreneurship education, influence whether students take action to start a new firm (nascent entrepreneurship) but do not seem to support the actual establishment of a new firm. In contrast, the latter is less dependent on the university context but more strongly influenced by regional characteristics. Overall, our study contributes to our understanding of the emergence of start-ups in the organizational context of universities and has implications for initiatives and programs that aim at encouraging students to become entrepreneurs.
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Student start-ups are a significant part of overall university entrepreneurship.
1. Yes. Student Startups are a significant part of overall University (Entrepreneurship ) Education
Yet, we know little about the determinants of this type of start-ups and, specifically, the relevance of context effects. Drawing on organizational and regional context literature, we develop and test a model that aims to explain student entrepreneurship in a contextual perspective. Based on unique micro data and using multi-level techniques, we analyse nascent and new entrepreneurial activities of business and economics students at 41 European universities.
2. (Business and Economic students ) beyond and including arts, social sciences.. Every subject A to Z of subject students .
Our analysis reveals that individual and contextual determinants influence students' propensity to start a business. While peoples’ individual characteristics are most important, …..
3. (Individual students' propensity to start a business, regional contexts is important ). Propensity to start a business is 100 % irrelevant and every student starts a student business.
the organizational and regional contexts also play a role and have a differentiated effect, depending on the source of the venture idea and the stage of its development.
4. ( Organisational Contexts) play an important role to start a business.
the organizational and regional contexts also play a role and have a differentiated effect, depending on the source of the venture idea and the stage of its development.
5. (Source of venture idea ). Source of Idea comes from the subject studied
the stage of its development.
Organisational characteristics, like the prevalence of fellow students who have attended entrepreneurship education, ( irrelevant ) influence whether students take action to start a new firm (nascent entrepreneurship) but do not seem to support the actual establishment of a new firm ( IMPORTANT ). In contrast, the latter is less dependent on the university context but more strongly influenced by regional characteristics. ( Irrelevant ) Overall, our study contributes to our understanding of the emergence of start-ups in the organizational context of universities and has implications for initiatives and programs that aim at encouraging students to become entrepreneurs ( not to become enterpreneurs but enterprising students ) .
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Abstract:
Student start-ups are a significant part of overall university entrepreneurship ( 1. EDUCATION ). Yet, we know little about the determinants of this type of start-ups and, specifically, the relevance of context effects. Drawing on organizational and regional context literature, we develop and test a model that aims to explain student entrepreneurship in a contextual perspective. Based on unique micro data and using multi-level techniques, we analyse nascent and new entrepreneurial activities of business and economics students ( 2. ANY SUBJECT STUDENTS ) at 41 European universities. Our analysis reveals that individual ( 3. IRRELEVANT ) and contextual ( 4. 0 YES, RELEVANT ) determinants influence students' propensity to start a business. While peoples’ individual characteristics are most important ( 3.0. IRRELEVANT ) , the organizational ( 4.1 RELEVANT ) and regional contexts also ( 4.2. IRRELEVANT ) play a role and have a differentiated effect, depending on the source of the venture idea ( Source is subject studied ) and the stage ( 5. IRRELEVANT ) of its development. Organisational characteristics, like the prevalence of fellow students who have attended entrepreneurship education ( 6. IRRELEVANT ) , influence whether students take action to start a new firm (nascent entrepreneurship) but do not seem to support the actual establishment of a new firm. In contrast, the latter is less dependent on the university context ( 4.1 ONLY DEPENDENT FACTOR ) but more strongly influenced by regional characteristics ( 4.2 IRELEVANT ) . Overall, our study contributes to our understanding of the emergence of start-ups in the organizational context of universities and has implications for initiatives and programs that aim at encouraging students to become entrepreneurs ( 7 ENTERPRISING STUDENTS ) .
1. Students startup are for education beyond enterpreneurship
2. Any subject students can engage in student startups, need not it is restricted to business and economics students
3. Individual student factors have no significance and they are irrelevant for student startups
4. Contextual factors like University academic system which plays crucial role, but not contextual factors
5. Stage and success of student startup is INVLALID measure. Valid metric is exposure and experimenting the method of starting up
6. There is no necessity of entrepreneurship education for a student startup .
7. Student startups make students turnout as enterprising people. Number of entrepreneurs is not the valid measure
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Student start-ups are a significant part of overall university entrepreneurship.
1. Yes. Student Startups are a significant part of overall University (Entrepreneurship ) Education
Yet, we know little about the determinants of this type of start-ups and, specifically, the relevance of context effects. Drawing on organizational and regional context literature, we develop and test a model that aims to explain student entrepreneurship in a contextual perspective. Based on unique micro data and using multi-level techniques, we analyse nascent and new entrepreneurial activities of business and economics students at 41 European universities.
2. (Business and Economic students ) beyond and including arts, social sciences.. Every subject A to Z of subject students .
Our analysis reveals that individual and contextual determinants influence students' propensity to start a business. While peoples’ individual characteristics are most important, …..
3. (Individual students' propensity to start a business, regional contexts is important ). Propensity to start a business is 100 % irrelevant and every student starts a student business.
the organizational and regional contexts also play a role and have a differentiated effect, depending on the source of the venture idea and the stage of its development.
4. ( Organisational Contexts) play an important role to start a business.
the organizational and regional contexts also play a role and have a differentiated effect, depending on the source of the venture idea and the stage of its development.
5. (Source of venture idea ). Source of Idea comes from the subject studied
the stage of its development.
5. (Stage of venture development ). Stage of student startup is ..IRREELEVANT
Organisational characteristics, like the prevalence of fellow students who have attended entrepreneurship education, ( irrelevant ) influence whether students take action to start a new firm (nascent entrepreneurship) but do not seem to support the actual establishment of a new firm ( IMPORTANT ). In contrast, the latter is less dependent on the university context but more strongly influenced by regional characteristics. ( Irrelevant ) Overall, our study contributes to our understanding of the emergence of start-ups in the organizational context of universities and has implications for initiatives and programs that aim at encouraging students to become entrepreneurs ( not to become enterpreneurs but enterprising students ) .
------------------------------
Abstract:
Student start-ups are a significant part of overall university entrepreneurship ( 1. EDUCATION ). Yet, we know little about the determinants of this type of start-ups and, specifically, the relevance of context effects. Drawing on organizational and regional context literature, we develop and test a model that aims to explain student entrepreneurship in a contextual perspective. Based on unique micro data and using multi-level techniques, we analyse nascent and new entrepreneurial activities of business and economics students ( 2. ANY SUBJECT STUDENTS ) at 41 European universities. Our analysis reveals that individual ( 3. IRRELEVANT ) and contextual ( 4. 0 YES, RELEVANT ) determinants influence students' propensity to start a business. While peoples’ individual characteristics are most important ( 3.0. IRRELEVANT ) , the organizational ( 4.1 RELEVANT ) and regional contexts also ( 4.2. IRRELEVANT ) play a role and have a differentiated effect, depending on the source of the venture idea ( Source is subject studied ) and the stage ( 5. IRRELEVANT ) of its development. Organisational characteristics, like the prevalence of fellow students who have attended entrepreneurship education ( 6. IRRELEVANT ) , influence whether students take action to start a new firm (nascent entrepreneurship) but do not seem to support the actual establishment of a new firm. In contrast, the latter is less dependent on the university context ( 4.1 ONLY DEPENDENT FACTOR ) but more strongly influenced by regional characteristics ( 4.2 IRELEVANT ) . Overall, our study contributes to our understanding of the emergence of start-ups in the organizational context of universities and has implications for initiatives and programs that aim at encouraging students to become entrepreneurs ( 7 ENTERPRISING STUDENTS ) .
1. Students startup are for education beyond enterpreneurship
2. Any subject students can engage in student startups, need not it is restricted to business and economics students
3. Individual student factors have no significance and they are irrelevant for student startups
4. Contextual factors like University academic system which plays crucial role, but not contextual factors
5. Stage and success of student startup is INVLALID measure. Valid metric is exposure and experimenting the method of starting up
6. There is no necessity of entrepreneurship education for a student startup .
7. Student startups make students turnout as enterprising people. Number of entrepreneurs is not the valid measure
